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深静脉血栓（DVT)和肺栓塞（PE）是有区别但是有同一动态疾病过程的相关概念，被称为静脉血栓栓塞（VTE）。在美国至少每年有200,000新病例发生，包括94,000例肺栓塞，23/100,000/年发病率，如果没有治疗，肺栓塞死亡率将近30%，导致每年50,000人死亡。根据尸检研究，将近2/3肺栓塞病人没有被诊断。
Cina et al.[42]在美国至少每年死于100，000肺动脉栓塞。没有选择的尸检超过10%发现栓子。所有病人0.1%死于肺栓塞。进一步说，复发性血栓和血栓栓塞比我们曾经相信的更常见[43]。
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