背景
What is anterior epistaxis?
Anterior epistaxis refers to a nosebleed that originates from the anterior (frontal) part of the nose. Most of the time, cases of anterior epistaxis originate from the Kiesselbach plexus, which is a vascular network found on the nasal septum, as these arteries can be easily traumatized. Anterior epistaxis is the most common type of nosebleed, and usually involves one nostril.
What is posterior epistaxis?
Posterior epistaxis refers to bleeding from the posterior or superior nasal cavity. Most often, it originates from the Woodruff plexus, which is a vascular network found in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. Posterior epistaxis usually involves both nostrils. For these types of nosebleeds, the blood may also flow backwards and uncomfortably get swallowed or coughed up (hemoptysis).
Often, diagnosis of posterior epistaxis occurs after failing to manage an anterior epistaxis, or noticing bleeding into the posterior pharynx or throat. It is often harder for healthcare professionals to visualize the source of a posterior bleeding in a physical examination; thus, a nasal endoscopy is often performed by a clinician to help identify the origin of the bleed.
病因
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