Hepatic cirrhosis is a chronic disease histologically characterized by the presence of regenerative nodules surrounded by diffuse fibrosis(21).
肝硬化是一种慢性疾病，其组织学特征是弥漫性再生结节周围的纤维化（21）。
It is the common final stage of several hepatic disorders of different etiologies, as ethylism （ethylism ['eθɪlɪzəm] 乙醇中毒）and viral chronic hepatitis, besides metabolic, vascular or biliary(13).
除代谢、血管或胆道（13）外，它是几种不同病因的肝病的常见最后阶段，如乙醇中毒和病毒性慢性肝炎。
The distortion of the hepatic architecture caused by cirrhosis leads to the increase of intrahepatic resistance resulting in portal hypertension(11, 21), being this its major complication with important clinical complications such as ascites, digestive hemorrhage by gastroesophageal varices, hypertensive gastropathy, congestive splenomegaly, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatopulmonary syndrome, change in the metabolism of drugs or endogenous substances which are usually eliminated by the liver(2).
肝硬化引起的肝结构的扭曲导致肝内阻力的增加导致门静脉高压（11,21），其重要临床并发症如腹水、胃食管静脉曲张消化出血、门静脉高压胃病、充血性脾肿大、肝性脑病、肝肾综合征、肝肺综合征和通常由肝脏清除的药物或内源性物质的变化。
Cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension present high prevalence of gastroesophageal varices rupture is one of the most severe and frequent complications being possible to occur in up to 40% of these patients(18).
门脉高压的肝硬化患者胃食管静脉曲张破裂是最严重和最常见的并发症之一，高达40%的患者（18）。
High digestive bleeding is one of the main death causes in cirrhotic patients(29), with mortality around 30% in the course of acute hemorrhage and from 15% to 20% with adequate treatment.
高消化道出血发生率也是肝硬化患者（29）的主要死亡原因之一，急性出血期间的死亡率约为30%，适当治疗后的死亡率为15%至20%。
The risk of rebleeding after the first hemorrhage episode within a year is from 60% to 80% associated with high morbimortality(18).
一年内首次出血发作后再出血的风险为60%至80%，也与高死亡率（18）相关。
There are several factors associated with the risk of bleeding, and among them the portal pressure gradient > 12 mm Hg, hepatic dysfunction evaluated by Child-Pugh classification, varices caliber and continuous use of alcoholic drinks(9, 12).
出血风险与几个因素相关，其中包括门静脉压力梯度＞12mmHg、由Chill-Pugh分级评估肝功能障碍、静脉曲张口径和持续使用酒精饮料（9,12）。
Pressure of ascites, serous albumin < 3. 3g/dL and portal pressure gradient > 18 mm Hg are important risk factors associated with rebleeding(18).
腹水张力，血清白蛋白小于3.3g/dL和门静脉压力梯度＞18mmHg是与（18）是再出血相关的重要危险因素。
There are many therapeutic options for the treatment of acute and recurrent varices bleeding, which include pharmacological, endoscopic treatment and the surgical portosystemic shunts(9, 11, 12, 23).
急性和复发性静脉曲张出血的治疗有很多选择，包括药物、内镜治疗和手术门系统分流（9,11,12,23）。
The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) appeared as a non-surgical option as treatment for portal hypertension complications due to the low level of morbimortality, possibility of performance in patients with severe hepatic dysfunction, and for being a minimally invasive procedure that can be carried out without the need of general anesthetics.
经颈静脉肝内门系统分流(TIPS)的出现作为一个非手术选择治疗门静脉高压并发症，主要由于TIPS低死亡率，在严重的肝功能障碍患者TIPS的可能性，并且TIPS是一个微创手术，可以进行不需要全身麻醉药。
TIPS aim is to decompress the portal system, treating or reducing the complications of the portal hypertension.
TIPS的目的是使门静脉系统减压，治疗或减少门静脉高压症的并发症。
The procedure is carried out by intervening radiologic technique, with percutaneous puncture of the internal jugular vein and, creation of an intrahepatic communication between a branch of the portal vein and the hepatic vein with the insertion of an expandable metallic stent in the parenchymatous path(9), and its success rate is approximately 90%(3).
过程通过介入放射技术，经皮穿刺颈内静脉，在门静脉分支和肝静脉之间植入一个覆膜或裸金属支架，创建一个肝实质内的门腔交通（9），手术成功率约为90%（3）。
Despite TIPS success in decompressing portal vein, the hepatic function may worsen after the procedure, early mortality reported is from 3% to 44%(5, 20) and the mortality rate in one year is from 10% to 58%(5).
尽管TIPS成功使门静脉减压，但术后肝功能可能恶化，早期死亡率为3%至44%（5,20），一年内死亡率为10%至58%（5）。
Recent studies show that factors associated with bad prognosis in patients who underwent TIPS include previous encephalopathy, Child-Pugh class C, emergency TIPS and MELD > 18, being these mortality predictors(5, 10, 20, 24, 28).
最近的研究表明，与TIPS患者不良预后相关的因素包括既往曾有肝性脑病发作、Child-Pugh C级、紧急TIPS和MELD＞18，是这些死亡率预测因素（5,10,20,24,28）。
TIPS complications divide in those concerning its installation and immediate and late hemodynamic consequences which occur in about 10% of patients being mostly mild(6, 23).
TIPS并发症分为其操作相关并发症和即时和晚期血流动力学并发症，约10%的患者主要为轻度（6,23）。
More severe complications occur from 1% to 2% and include hemoperitoneum, sepsis, hemobilia, worsening of hepatic and cardiopulmonary insufficiency(23).
更严重的并发症发生在1%-2%之间，包括腹腔积血、败血症、胆道出血、肝功能恶化和心肺功能不全（23）。
After the procedure, there may occur complications as lung acute edema, pneumonias, adult respiratory distress syndrome and kidney acute insufficiency(4).
术后可能出现肺急性水肿、肺炎、成人呼吸窘迫综合征、肾功能不全（4）等并发症。
Bacteremia or bacterial sepsis may also occur from 1% to 2% of cases, being necessary, before the procedure, perform antibiotic prophylaxis(22).
菌细胞血症或细菌性脓毒症也可能发生在1%至2%的病例中，所以，在手术前进行抗生素预防是必要的（22）。
Among long term complications, the most common are hepatic encephalopathy which occurs in up to 30%(29) and stent dysfunction by stenosis (18% to 78%) or thrombosis (10% to 15%)(3).
在长期并发症中，最常见的是肝性脑病，发生在高达30%的（29）和支架狭窄（18%至78%）或血栓形成（10%至15%）（3）引起的支架功能障碍。
A metanalysis(29) showed that the most common cause of rebleeding in patients with TIPS is stent dysfunction and, that the rebleeding rate is progressive reaching up to 26% in 1 year and 32% in 2 years.
荟萃分析（29）显示，TIPS患者再出血最常见的原因是支架功能障碍，再出血率在1年达到26%，在2年达到32%。
This study aimed at describing the profile, analyzing global and early mortality as well as the complications in cirrhotic patients who underwent TIPS as treatment for digestive hemorrhage by portal hypertension.
本研究旨在描述接受TIPS治疗门静脉高压症消化出血的肝硬化患者的整体和早期死亡率以及并发症。
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