Lower GI bleeds can be categorized further into three types: massive, moderate, and occult bleeding.
下消化道出血可进一步分为三种类型：大出血、中度出血和隐匿性出血。
Massive bleeding usually occurs in patients older than 65 years with multiple medical problems, and this bleeding presents as hematochezia or bright red blood per rectum.
大出血通常发生在65岁以上且有多种医疗问题的患者，表现为便血或鲜红色。
The patient is usually hemodynamically unstable with a systolic blood pressure (SBP) equal to or less than 90 mmHg, heart rate (HR) less than or equal 100/min, and low urine output.
患者通常血流动力学不稳定，收缩压(SBP)等于或小于90mmHg，心率(HR)小于或等于100/min，尿量低。
Lab work reveals a hemoglobin equal to or less than 6 g/dl.
实验室检查显示，血红蛋白等于或小于6g/dl。
Massive lower GI bleeds are mostly due to diverticulosis and angiodysplasias.
大量的下消化道出血主要是由于憩室病和血管异常增殖。
The mortality rate may be as high as 21%.
死亡率可能高达21%。
Moderate bleeding can occur at any age and presents as hematochezia or melena.
中度出血可发生在任何年龄，并表现为便血或黑便。
The patient is usually hemodynamically stable.
患者通常血流动力学稳定。
Many disease processes should be considered on the differential list including neoplastic disease, inflammatory, infectious, benign anorectal, and congenital.
许多疾病过程应被考虑在鉴别列表中，包括肿瘤疾病、炎症、传染性、良性肛肠疾病和先天性疾病。
Finally, occult lower GI bleeds can present in patients at any age.
最后，任何年龄的患者均可出现隐匿的低消化道出血。
Lab work reveals patients with microcytic hypochromic anemia due to chronic blood loss.
实验室检查显示了由于慢性失血而导致的小细胞性低色性贫血患者。
贫血按红细胞的形态学进行分类，通常可分为：大细胞性贫血、正常细胞性贫血、单纯小细胞性贫血、小细胞低色素性贫血。在缺铁性贫血的早期，多为正常细胞性贫血，表现为轻度贫血；随着进展，红细胞和血红蛋白进一步下降，出现明显的小细胞低色素性贫血，呈典型的缺铁性贫血。所以出现典型小细胞低色素贫血，可见于缺铁性贫血的晚期。
The differential diagnosis of these patients should include inflammatory, neoplastic and congenital.
这些患者的鉴别诊断应包括炎症、肿瘤和先天性。
The patient typically appears well, hemodynamically stable.
患者通常表现良好，血流动力学稳定。
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