淋巴造影技术 Lymphangiography technique
Intranodal lymphangiography by injecting Lipiodol through a 25-gauge needle
通常双侧淋巴结注射，偶然会一侧失败 
Real-time fluoroscopy to detect extravasation of Lipiodol from the lymphatic system，
Leak negative: no further procedure
Leak positive: embolization，most Positive for leakage（about 90%），Time to detection of leakage: 11 seconds – 14 minutes
Injection of N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA)
1:1 dilution with Lipiodol
Dose: 0.5 – 1.0 mL/puncture
Total procedure time from start to completion of embolization: 3 – 61minutes
临床成功的定义 1. 拔除外科引流管 2. 减少流量 3. 缓解症状 病例介绍
37-year-old female
S/P radical hysterectomy and bilateral salphingo-oophorectomy due to ovarian cancer (13 days ago)
Persistent lymphatic output via surgical drain (maximum volume ≈ 1,000 ml/day)
一组相关报告：Comparison of output before and after intervention    重复栓塞：因为侧支循环发生漏，或没有栓塞一侧漏，有些病人需要重复操作 住院时间： Duration of hospital stay before intervention: 6 - 31 days Duration of hospital stay after intervention: 2 - 14 days 淋巴造影同时具有诊断和治疗效果 但乳糜胸水或乳糜腹水的病人，淋巴造影治疗失败高达44%，需要辅助栓塞治疗 Binkert et al. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2005;16:1257-1262 Kos et al. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2007;30:968-973 Matsumoto et al. Br J Radiol 2009;82:286-290 | ||||||||||
