门静脉栓塞(Portal vein embolization,PVE)
PVE的适应症
FRLV X 100%
肿瘤容积(tumor volume)。门静脉栓塞术前测量,3-4周后再测量。
TELV( total estimated liver volume) = -794.41 + 1,267.28 × BSA 第三种:依体重估计整个肝容积[5,6] FLR/BW ratio(future liver remnant / body weight ratio,未来残余肝 / 体重 比) 预计FLR(未来残肝)为体重0.5%的病人,肝功能失代偿和术后死亡率危险性高[5]。 TLV = 191.80 + 18.51 × weight 决定肝机能代偿性肥大的三种方法之间没有显著性差异。所有三种方法都能够预测术后肝功能衰竭[7]。 除了以上三种方案,锝99m-mebrofinin,肝胆单光子发射计算机断层成像闪烁扫描(99mTc-mebrofinin hepatobiliary scintigraphy with SPECT)提供肝段容积的功能成像,PVE后,FRL功能增加显著高于FRL的容积[8]。 门静脉栓塞的原则:未损伤肝中的未来残肝容积(FRLV)应该>25%;在已损伤肝中(脂肪肝、胆汁淤积,肝硬化和化疗后)FRLV 应该>40%。 门静脉栓塞技术上的考虑 1. 排除绝对禁忌症:门静脉肿瘤侵犯;门静脉高压;凝血功能障碍;最近进行过TACE 2. CT/MRI-容量测定(门静脉重建) 3. 如果胆管阻塞,进行未来残肝容积的胆道引流
技术步骤 1. 局麻+镇静 2. 超声或透视引导下穿刺 3. 选择同侧入路的占60%,技术上更困难,不适合NBCA;选择对侧入路(40%)技术容易,但潜在FRL并发症。 同侧入路 4. 门脉造影和门静脉压力测定:左或右侧门静脉解剖,右前斜25°。门静脉压力增高增加并发症的危险[9],甚至是禁忌症[10]。 5. 门静脉4段分支栓塞 栓塞的范围包括右肝门静脉栓塞+4段分支栓塞。门静脉4段分支栓塞,技术上困难,只有在扩大的右半肝切除的时候进行。Madoff 等人报告[14],小的校准微球可改善2+3段的代偿性肥大。栓塞任何分支改善肝代偿性肥大都应以减少并发症为前提[15]。 栓子的选择[11]:门静脉的栓塞是永久性栓塞。可选用的栓塞材料PVA、Coil/AVP、明胶海绵+碘油/Coil/Polidocanol)、NBCA+碘油、Coil+PVA,Onyx。 NBCA+2AVP(Amplazer vascular plug) II/12mm[3,4]
究竟选择什么栓塞材料最好[13]?
2. Johnson TN, Tucker GT, Tanner MS, Rostami-Hodjegan A. Changes in liver volume from birth to adulthood: a meta-analysis. Liver Transpl. 2005 Dec;11(12):1481-93.
3. Hyunkyung Yoo, Gi-Young Ko, Dong Il Gwon, Jin-Hyoung Kim, Hyun-Ki Yoon, Kyu-Bo Sung, Namguk Kim, Jeongjin Lee。 Preoperative portal vein embolization using an amplatzer vascular plug. European Radiology May 2009, Volume 19, Issue 5, pp 1054-1061
4. Bent CL, Low D, Matson MB, Renfrew I, Fotheringham T. Portal vein embolization using a nitinol plug (Amplatzer vascular plug) in combination with histoacryl glue and iodinized oil: adequate hypertrophy with a reduced risk of nontarget embolization. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2009 May;32(3):471- 5. Truant S, Oberlin O, Sergent G, Lebuffe G, Gambiez L, Ernst O, Pruvot FR. Remnant liver volume to body weight ratio > or =0.5%: A new cut-off to estimate postoperative risks after extended resection in noncirrhotic liver. J Am Coll Surg. 2007 Jan;204(1):22-33. Epub 2006 Nov 16. 6. Vauthey JN, Abdalla EK, Doherty DA, Gertsch P, Fenstermacher MJ, Loyer EM, Lerut J, Materne R, Wang X, Encarnacion A, Herron D, Mathey C, Ferrari G, Charnsangavej C, Do KA, Denys A. Body surface area and body weight predict total liver volume in Western adults. Liver Transpl. 2002 Mar;8(3):233-40. 7. Shah A, Goffette P, Hubert C, Lerut J, Van Beers BB, Annet L, Sempoux C, Gigot JF. Comparison of different methods to quantify future liver remnants after preoperative portal vein embolization to predict postoperative liver failure. Hepatogastroenterology. 2011 Jan-Feb;58(105):109-14. 8. de Graaf W, van Lienden KP, van den Esschert JW, Bennink RJ, van Gulik TM. Increase in future remnant liver function after preoperative portal vein embolization. Br J Surg. 2011 Jun;98(6):825-34. 9. Di Stefano DR, de Baere T, Denys A, Hakime A, Gorin G, Gillet M, Saric J, Trillaud H, Petit P, Bartoli JM, Elias D, Delpero JR. Radiology. Preoperative percutaneous portal vein embolization: evaluation of adverse events in 188 patients. 2005 Feb;234(2):625-30. Epub 2004 Dec 10. Bruix J, Castells A, Bosch J, Feu F, Fuster J, Garcia-Pagan JC, Visa J, Bru C, Rodés J. Surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients: prognostic value of preoperative portal pressure. Gastroenterology. 1996 Oct;111(4):1018-22. 11. van Lienden KP, van den Esschert JW, de Graaf W, Bipat S, Lameris JS, van Gulik TM, van Delden OM. Portal vein embolization before liver resection: a systematic review. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2013 Feb;36(1):25-34. 12. Guiu B, Bize P, Gunthern D, Demartines N, Halkic N, Denys A. Portal Vein Embolization before Right Hepatectomy: Improved Results Using n-Butyl-Cyanoacrylate Compared to Microparticles Plus Coils. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2013 Jan 30. [Epub ahead of print]
.
13. Denys A, de Baere T, Demartines N, Bize P. Portal vein embolization: from evidence to expert opinion? Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2013 Jun;36(3):872-3.
14. Madoff DC, Abdalla EK, Vauthey JN. Portal vein embolization in preparation for major hepatic resection: evolution of a new standard of care. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2005 Jun;16(6):779-90. Review. 15. Kishi Y, Madoff DC, Abdalla EK, Palavecino M, Ribero D, Chun YS, Vauthey JN. Is embolization of segment 4 portal veins before extended right hepatectomy justified? Surgery. 2008 Nov;144(5):744-51. 16. de Baere T, Teriitehau C, Deschamps F, Catherine L, Rao P, Hakime A, Auperin A, Goere D, Elias D, Hechelhammer L. Ann Surg Oncol. Predictive factors for hypertrophy of the future remnant liver after selective portal vein embolization. 2010 Aug;17(8):2081-9. doi: 10.1245/s10434-010-0979-2. Epub 2010 Mar 17. 17. Covey AM, Brown KT, Jarnagin WR, Brody LA, Schwartz L, Tuorto S, Sofocleous CT, D'Angelica M, Getrajdman GI, DeMatteo R, Kemeny NE, Fong Y. Combined portal vein embolization and neoadjuvant chemotherapy as a treatment strategy for resectable hepatic colorectal metastases. Ann Surg. 2008 Mar;247(3):451-5. 18. Denys AL, Abehsera M, Sauvanet A, Sibert A, Belghiti J, Menu Y. Failure of right portal vein ligation to induce left lobe hypertrophy due to intrahepatic portoportal collaterals: successful treatment with portal vein embolization. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1999 Sep;173(3):633-5. 19. van Lienden KP, van den Esschert JW, de Graaf W, Bipat S, Lameris JS, van Gulik TM, van Delden OM. Portal vein embolization before liver resection: a systematic review. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2013 Feb;36(1):25-34.
20. van Lienden KP, Hoekstra LT, Bennink RJ, van Gulik TM. Intrahepatic Left to Right Portoportal Venous Collateral Vascular Formation in Patients Undergoing Right Portal Vein Ligation. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2013 Mar 13. [Epub ahead of print]
21. Ko GY, Hwang S, Sung KB, Gwon DI, Lee SG. Interventional oncology: new options for interstitial treatments and intravascular approaches: right hepatic vein embolization after right portal vein embolization for inducing hypertrophy of the future liver remnant.
J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2010 Jul;17(4):410-2.
22. Denys A, Bize P, Demartines N, Deschamps F, De Baere T; Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe. Quality improvement for portal vein embolization. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2010 Jun;33(3):452-6.
|