肺动静脉畸形( pulmonary arteriovenous malformation PAVM)是少见疾病,发病率约为2~3例/10万【1】。分为先天性和获得性两种,绝大多数PAVM为先天性,获得性PAVM与感染性、寄生虫疾病、转移性肿瘤以及外伤等因素有关【2】,但不多见。文献报道至少56%-97%的先天性PAVM与遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症(hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia HHT)(Rendu-Osler-Weber病)有关【3-6】,其为一种常染色体显性遗传疾病,发病率约为10~20例/10万,大多数无症状,特征表现为皮肤,粘膜,多内脏器官包括脑,脊髓,肝,胰腺和肺上有多发的动静脉畸形【7】。
遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症的特征性病损为局部毛细血管瘤扩张(或者在动静脉之间缺乏毛细血管网),而高血流量的大的血管动静脉畸形也并不少见。临床表现与出血及异常的血管分流有关。凝血参数正常为其特征。临床上明显的肺部受累基本上可以考虑肺动静脉畸形。胸膜及气道毛细血管扩张出血比较少见。
HHT1: 9q34.1, mutations in gene for endoglin
HHT: Molecular Genetics
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