局部溶栓的适应症 1. 下肢急性血栓形成 2. 下肢慢性血栓形成的辅助治疗 3. 下肢血管移植物血栓形成 4. 下肢急性血栓栓塞 5. 血管成形术或血管外科手术前的辅助治疗
但需要说明的是经导管动脉溶栓,主要限制在急性肢体缺血,并且存活(viable)的肢体。所谓存活的肢体(viable extremity)是指没有即刻的威胁,没有持续的缺血性疼痛,没有神经感觉障碍,皮肤毛细血管充盈良好,可以再足背动脉听到和看到多普勒信号。 这一说明主要是基于TOPAS和STILE试验的结果,2005 年 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) 与血管内科、血管外科和介入放射学相关协会达成共识:一般同意经导管溶栓治疗(catheter-based thrombolytic therapy)对于急性肢体缺血<14天的患者是有效和获益的[1]。美国胸科医师协会(American College of Chest Physician,ACCP)指南,对周围动脉疾病抗血栓治疗建议:急性肢体缺血病人经导管溶栓治疗[2]。 Threatened extremity 和viable extremity不同,它是指面临生存威胁的肢体,或“threatened” viability(威胁生存),它含有如果动脉阻塞快速解除,无需截肢可以保肢的意思,即肢体的缺血是可逆性的。这类临床情况出于治疗的目的又被分为IIa-面临威胁的(marginally threatened)和IIb-立即受到威胁的(immediatelly threatened),如下表所示。 急性肢体缺血的临床分类
局部溶栓的禁忌症 绝对禁忌证 1. Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): a collaborative report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease): endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Society for Vascular Nursing; TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus; and Vascular Disease Foundation. Circulation 2006; 113:e463. 2. Alonso-Coello P, Bellmunt S, McGorrian C, et al. Antithrombotic therapy in peripheral artery disease: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012; 141:e669S.
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