腋锁骨下静脉血栓的概况
腋-锁骨下静脉血栓形成(axillary-subclavian vein thrombosis,ASVT,或upper extremity deep venous thrombosis, UEDVT)于上世纪末由Paget(1884)和Schroetter(1885)分别首次报道。1949年,Hughes综合报道文献中ASVT 320例[1],首先描述本症为:“健康成人出现严重程度不同的急性上肢静脉闭塞,而无明确病因学、病理学依据者,命名为Paget-Schroetter综合征。上肢深静脉血栓约占所有深静脉血栓的5%,长期以来学者们对ASVT的重要性认识不足,甚至认为上肢和肩部的侧支循环丰富,锁骨下静脉阻塞不会造成较重的血液回流障碍;上肢血栓形成后容易再通(上肢静脉内皮细胞纤溶活性比下肢静脉高出4倍)。但随着越来越多的患者使用经中央静脉进入的装置,它的发生率在上升[2,3],并发症(慢性血栓后遗症)的几率增加(25%~74%)[5],也有并发肺栓塞的报告。Hingorani等[4]报道近期收治的上肢和下肢深静脉血栓形成分别为430例和52例,并发肺栓塞者,前者为17%,后者为8%;病死率前者48%,后者13%。因此对ASVT在逐渐给予应有的重视。
1. Hughes ES.Venous obstruction in the upper extremity review of 320 cases.Int Abstr Surg,1949,88:89
2. Horattas MC, Wright DJ, Fenton AH, et al. Changing concept of deep venous thrombosis of the upper extremity-report of a series and review of the literature.Surgery,1988,104:561
3. Aburahma Af, Sadler DL, Robinson PA. Axillary-subclavian vein thrombosis.Changing patterns of etiology, diagnostic, and therapeutic modalities.AM Surg,1991,57:101
4. Hingorami A, Ascher E, Hanson J, et al. Upper extremity versus lower extremity deep venous thrombosis.Am J Surg,1997,174:214
5. Machleder HI.Evaluation of a new treatment strategy for Paget-Schroetter syndrome:spontaneous thrombosis of the axillary-subclavian vein. J Vasc Surg,1993,17:305
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