结肠癌是威胁人群健康的一个重要的社会问题。每年全世界将近有100万新诊的结肠癌病例,其中一半病人将会死亡。在欧洲和美国,每年新诊的结肠癌病例有30万,7—29%的患者来医院就诊时的首发症状为完全性或部分性肠梗阻[12,13],特别是左半结肠由于外压或内生性肿瘤引起的急性或亚急性肠梗阻,通常伴有恶心、呕吐、腹疼、腹胀和肠功能的改变[1,2]。结肠癌导致的急性肠梗阻属于外科急症,如果不治疗可以导致肠穿孔、败血症甚至死亡。传统的治疗手段是手术,手术的处理根据阻塞的位置、病变的范围。外科的姑息治疗包括结肠或空场造瘘或肠道旁路吻合。因为需要急诊手术,肠道未做准备情况下风险较大,并发症发生率在20~50%左右,30天死亡率达到30%[3,4]。 传统方法:在计划进行病灶切除前先行造瘘,减轻一期手术的并发症 为了减少急诊手术的并发症,通常情况下,患者将先予以结肠造瘘术,便于在可能的手术前清洁肠道。未来是否进行手术切除还取决于对原发灶进行疾病进行分期,也就是手术适应症的判定。如果适合进行手术,肠道准备后结肠癌患者的择期手术,并发症可从15-20%降至0.9-6%。并发急性大肠梗阻的结肠癌患者,5年生存率不到20%,比没有并发肠梗阻的患者预后要差很多。目前随着手术和围手术期管理的进步,一期手术切除和吻合的比例在日益增长,但仍只有40%左侧结肠癌并发肠梗阻的患者可以通过术中灌肠后行结肠次全切除。其余的患者则需要行暂时的或永久的结肠造口术。造口术相关并发症包括疼痛,皮肤刺激,回缩,疝出和狭窄。这些并发症的发生率在30~40%的病人[5,6]。这必然对患者的生活质量造成一定的影响[7~9]。
术前结肠梗阻段支撑架植入可以避免前期结肠造瘘,经过肿瘤分期和肠道准备后一期手术切除结肠病变
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