不常见的临床表现 双侧乳腺肿大[1]。 鼻出血和咯血[2]
大多数各种原因的上腔静脉阻塞综合症多为缓慢起病，但在一部分的情况下可能表现为急性起病而到急诊科就诊，就像肿瘤引起的阻塞后肺炎，急性胸膜渗出，气管食道瘘等一样。
1. Dong Erk Goo, Yong Jae Kim, Deuk Lin Choi, Kui Hyang Kwon and Seung Boo Yang. Bilateral Breast Enlargement: An Unusual Presentation of Superior Vena Cava Obstruction in a Hemodialysis Patient with Fibrosing Mediastinitis CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology。 Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2009 Dec 1. [Epub ahead of print] 2. Gopaluni S, Warwicker P. Superior vena cava obstruction presenting with epistaxis, haemoptysis and gastro-intestinal haemorrhage in two men receiving haemodialysis with central venous catheters: two case reports. J Med Case Reports. 2009 May 27;3:6180. |