对于早期胰腺癌病变外科切除加辅助治疗是标准的治疗方式,而且也是仅有的治愈性方法,尽管当被诊断时,胰腺癌切除的可能性仅有15~20%[3]。由于这些原因,有人推荐积极地外科手术(aggressive surgery)完全切除癌的病变组织,尽可能地提高患者的生存率。但10年来多个回顾性和前瞻性研究试图分析这种积极地外科手术的有用性,遗憾地是多数随机试验否定了其生存获益。有些病例尽管可以切除,2年的生存率也仅有15%[1]。 多数多数因为侵润肠系膜血管,远处转移,或腹膜转移,局部淋巴结转移失去手术机会,甚至在原发肿瘤很小并且技术上是可切除的情况下,已经发生远处转移[2]。这提示单纯的外科手术是不够的,为了改善生存率一直以来采用辅助治疗如放疗,化疗与外科联合的治疗。虽然单纯的放疗效果是有限的,但化疗的结果和新的分子靶向药物可以部分改善胰腺癌治疗的结果。 辅助治疗包括化疗和放疗,已经在欧洲和北美进行了大样本的临床研究,提示改善患者的无进展生存期和整体生存率;因此,基于这些发现,早期胰腺癌外科切除后的治疗被认为是标准的治疗[4~10]。但是没有全球一致的辅助治疗方案。吉西他滨加5-FU,不进行放疗是美国以外的最常用的治疗。而在美国放化疗加全身治疗仍然被广泛地应用。 最大的可切除胰腺导管腺癌病人辅助化疗实验(ESPAC-3)发表在2009年的ASCO会议上,1088例患者外科切除后被随机分为5-FU或吉西他滨组。两组间中位生存率分别为23和23.6各月,生存率没有显著的差别,但吉西他滨的副作用小[11]。 1. Hunstad DA, Norton JA. Management of pancreatic carcinoma. Surg Oncol 1995;4:61-74. 2. Warshaw AL, Fernandez-del Castillo C. Pancreatic carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1992;326:455-65 3. Canadian Cancer Society/National Cancer Institute of Canada: Canadian Cancer Statistics 2008, Toronto, Canada, 2008. April 2008, ISSN 0835—2976. 4. Kalser, M. H. & Ellenberg, S. S. Pancreatic cancer. Adjuvant combined radiation and chemotherapy following curative resection. Arch. Surg. 120, 899—903 (1985). 5. Klinkenbijl, J. H. et al. Adjuvant radiotherapy and 5-fluorouracil after resection of cancer of the pancreas and periampullary region: phase III trial of the EORTC gastrointestinal tract cancer group. Ann.Surg. 230, 776—784 (1999). 6. Neoptolemos, J. P. et al. European Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer. A randomized trial of chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy after resection of pancreatic cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.350, 1200—1210 (2004). 7. Crane, C. H., Ben-Losef, E. & Small, W. Jr. Chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer. N. Engl. J.Med. 350, 2713—2715 (2004). 8. Oettle, H. et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine vs observation in patients undergoing curative-intent resection of pancreatic cancer. JAMA 297, 267—277 (2007).
9. Neuhaus, P et al. CONKO-001: final results of the randomized, prospective, multicentre phase III trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine versus observation in patients with resected pancreatic cancer [abstract]. J. Clin. Oncol.26 (Suppl. 18), a4504 (2008). 10. Regine, W. F. et al. Fluorouracil vs gemcitabine chemotherapy before and after fluorouracil-based chemoradiation following resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. JAMA 299, 1019—1026 (2008). 11. Neoptolemos, J. et al. ESPAC-3(v2): A multicenter, international, open-label, randomized, controlled phase III trial of adjuvant 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid (5-FU/FA) versus gemcitabine (GEM) in patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [abstract]. J. Clin. Oncol. 27 (Suppl. 18), a4505 (2009).
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